Template-free synthesis of novel Co3O4 micro-bundles assembled with flakes for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors

In this paper, a novel Co₃O₄ micro-bundles structure (Co₃O₄ MBs) was obtained at 120 °C after a hydrothermal reaction for 24 h and followed by an annealing treatment at 300 °C in air. The unique Co₃O₄ MBs are constructed by many adjacent flakes with 0.4 μm in thickness, and exhibit a large surface area of 81.2 m² g^?1 and a mean pore diameter of 6.14 nm, which may facilitate a sufficient contact with electrolyte and then shorten the diffusion pathway of ions. A remarkable electrochemical behavior including specific capacity of 282.3 C g^?1 at 1 A g^?1 and 205.9 C g^?1 at 10 A g^?1, and an excellent cycling performance with 74.6% capacity retention after 4000 charge-discharge process at 5 A g^?1 are achieved when the test of Co₃O₄ MBs-modified electrode is performed using three-electrode configuration. Additionally, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) was fabricated with the obtained Co₃O₄ MBs as positive electrode and commercial activated carbon (AC) as negative electrode. The HSC exhibits a specific capacity of 144.1 C g^?1 at 1 A g^?1 and 126.4% capacity retention after 5000 cycles at 5 A g^?1. An energy density of 38.5 W h kg^?1 can be obtained at a power density of 962.0 W kg^?1, and 29.5 W h kg^?1 is still retained at 8532.5 W kg^?1. The simple synthetic strategy can be applicable to the synthesis of other transition metal oxides with superior electrochemical performance.     

Environmental Control of Triplet Emission in Donor–Bridge–Acceptor Organometallics

Carbene‐metal‐amides (CMAs) are a promising family of donor–bridge–acceptor molecular charge‐transfer (CT) emitters for organic light‐emitting diodes. A universal approach is demonstrated to tune the energy of their CT emission. A blueshift of up to 210 meV is achievable in solid state via dilution in a polar host matrix. The origin of this shift has two components: constraint of thermally‐activated triplet diffusion, and electrostatic interactions between guest and polar host. This allows the emission of mid‐green CMA archetypes to be tuned to sky blue without chemical modifications. Monte‐Carlo simulations based on a Marcus‐type transfer integral successfully reproduce the concentration‐ and temperature‐dependent triplet diffusion process, revealing a substantial shift in the ensemble density of states in polar hosts. In gold‐bridged CMAs, this shift does not lead to a significant change in luminescence lifetime, thermal activation energy, reorganization energy, or intersystem crossing rate. These discoveries offer new insight into coupling between the singlet and triplet manifolds in CMA materials, revealing a dominant interaction between states of CT character. The same approach is employed using materials which have been chemically modified to alter the energy of their CT state directly, shifting the emission of sky‐blue chromophores into the practical blue range.     

浅谈如何提高化工专业学生的专业认同度

化工专业认同度对于化工人才的培养有着重要的意义。本文从如何提高化工专业学生认同度出发,以丽水学院为例,从理论教学、实验教学、短学期、专业竞赛及工厂实习五个方面进行了论述,提出了一套有地方特色且行之有效的教学模式。     

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING Roles of biomolecules in the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: Case of gardenia jasminoides extract

Rapid development of biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants has attracted extensive interests to further investigate this novel and eco-friendly method. In the biosynthesis process, the plant may act as reducing agent, capping agent or shape directing agent. However, identifying specific roles of various components in the plant is challenging. In this study, we use biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with Gardenia jasminoides Ellis ex-tract to address this issue. The formation process of silver nanoparticles is investigated and the nanoparticles are characterized with the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra and scanning electron mi-croscopy. The results indicate that the Gardenia jasminoides Ellis extract can reduce silver ions to form silver nanoparticles, stabilize the nanoparticles, and affect the growth of silver nanocrystal to form silver nanowires. Only geniposide in the extract exhibits good shape-directing ability for silver nanowires. It is found that bovine albumin is a potential capping agent, whereas rutin, gallic acid and chlorogenic acid possess reducing and capping ability.     

Cobalt Alleviates GA-Induced Programmed Cell Death in Wheat Aleurone Layers via the Regulation of H2O2 Production and Heme Oxygenase-1 Expression

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) are key signaling molecules that are produced in response to various environmental stimuli. Here, we demonstrate that cobalt is able to delay gibberellic acid (GA)-induced programmed cell death (PCD) in wheat aleurone layers. A similar response was observed when samples were pretreated with carbon monoxide (CO) or bilirubin (BR), two end-products of HO catalysis. We further observed that increased HO-1 expression played a role in the cobalt-induced alleviation of PCD. The application of HO-1-specific inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPPIX), substantially prevented the increases of HO-1 activity and the alleviation of PCD triggered by cobalt. The stimulation of HO-1 expression, and alleviation of PCD might be caused by the initial H₂O₂ production induced by cobalt. qRT-PCR and enzymatic assays revealed that cobalt-induced gene expression and the corresponding activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), three enzymes that metabolize reactive oxygen species, were consistent with the H₂O₂ accumulation during GA treatment. These cobalt responses were differentially blocked by co-treatment with ZnPPIX. We therefore suggest that HO-1 functions in the cobalt-triggered alleviation of PCD in wheat aleurone layers, which is also dependent on the enhancement of the activities of antioxidant enzymes.     

综合地球物理方法在赛坝沟地区矿产地质调查中的应用

本文基于赛坝沟地区1∶5万矿产地质调查工作,初步查明研究区磁场总体特征及磁异常分布特征,了解磁场与构造、岩石及矿产的相互联系,结合地质和化探工作,筛选重要异常,为地质找矿提供有利靶区。通过1∶5万高精度磁测扫面,快速圈定磁异常,采用大比例尺磁测剖面和激电中梯剖面进行异常查证,对C-1典型异常进行成因分析和异常体埋深的半定量解释,系统总结了研究区地质特征和磁场特征,圈定磁异常区10处,并对C-1异常进行工程验证。研究结果证明综合地球物理方法在该区矿致异常圈定中的有效性和适用性,同时总结了异常圈定的基本方法和经验,对成矿地质背景相似地区的找矿工作,具有一定的指导意义。     

Utilization of waste vanadium-bearing resources in the preparation of rare-earth vanadate catalysts for semi-hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes

Recycling industrial solid waste not only saves resources but also eliminates environmental concerns of toxic threats. Herein, we proposed a new strategy for the utilization of petrochemical-derived carbon black waste, a waste vanadium-bearing resource (V > 30000 ppm (10 ⁻⁶)). Chemical leaching was employed to extract metallic vanadium from the waste and the leachate containing V was used as an alternative raw material for the fabrication of vanadate nanomaterials. Through the screening of various metal cations, it was found that the contaminated Na⁺ during the leaching process showed strong competitive coordination with the vanadium ions. However, by adding foreign Ce³⁺ and Y³⁺ cations, two rare-earth vanadates, viz., flower-like CeVO₄ and spherical YVO₄ nanomaterials, were successfully synthesized. Characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, and N₂ physisorption were applied to analyze the physicochemical properties of the waste-derived nanomaterials. Importantly, we found that rare-earth vanadate catalysts exhibited good activities toward the semi-hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. The conversion of cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic alcohol selectivity were even higher than those of the common CeVO₄ prepared using pure chemicals (67.2% vs. 27.7% and 88.4% vs. 53.5%). Our work provides a valuable new reference for preparing vanadate catalysts by the use of abundant vanadium-bearing waste resources.     

变功率跟踪轨迹的光伏并网低电压穿越策略

提出了一种新型的变功率跟踪轨迹的低电压穿越控制策略。通过电压跌落幅度的前馈控制对功率跟踪轨迹进行调节,实时改变光伏电池端电压,进而快速有效地控制光伏电池功率的输出,实现逆变器两侧功率的平衡;通过与并网逆变器的协同控制,保证逆变器并网输出电流在不越限的前提下,为电网提供尽可能多的有功功率和无功功率,最大限度地支持电网电压的恢复,实现了光伏并网系统的零电压穿越。通过在不同光照强度和温度条件下对多种场景的仿真模拟,验证了所提控制策略的有效性。与传统控制策略相比,采用该策略不需要添加额外的设备,不仅实现了系统的安全、稳定运行,而且降低了光伏发电系统的成本,更具实用性。     

环糊精修饰的量子点功能材料及其选择性识别研究进展

环糊精(CD)修饰的量子点(QDs)作为一种新型的荧光纳米功能材料,针对QDs修饰及选择性识别方面,近年来广泛受到研究人员的关注。本文着眼于CD修饰的QDs之选择性识别功能,以识别分子种类分类,分为:对生物活性分子的选择性识别,对药物分子的选择性识别和对其他分子的识别。综述了近5年来CD修饰的QDs在上述3方面的代表性研究及应用,并展望了CD修饰的QDs在未来的发展方向。